A NATURE WORLD HERITAGE - PHONG NHA KE BANG IN QUANG BINH ~ Sharing Vietnam Travel Experiences

It is found by a local man named Ho Khanh in 1991 and was recently discovered in 2009 by British cavers, led by Howard Limbert. The name "Son Doong" cave means "mountain river cave", It was created 2-5 million years ago by river water eroding away the limestone underneath the mountain Where the limestone was weak, the ceiling collapsed creating huge skylights...

Phong Nha – Ke Bang National Park lies in Quang Binh Province - the central Vietnam. Covering an area of about 200,000 hectares, Phong Nha – Ke Bang situated in Quang Ninh, Bo Trach, Tuyen Hoa and Minh Hoa districts, is 50km northwest of Dong Hoi City.

Phong Nha - Ke Bang can be compared to a huge geological museum thanks to its complicated geological structure with different categories of stone including sandstone, quartz, schist, siliceous limestone, granite, granodiorite, diorite, applet, pegmatite, etc. Phong Nha-Ke Bang is the oldest and largest tropical karst formed 400 million years during the main geological periods of the Earth, bearing the original topographic and geologic characteristics. Experiencing major tectonic phases, high mountain ranges and the depressed sedimentary basins were formed. These fluctuations have also contributed to the diversity of geology, topography, geomorphology.

Phong Nha - Ke Bang karst mountains can provide a lot of valuable information about the Earth's prolonged geological process through various periods, from the Ordovician Age - Silurian Age (about 463.9 - 430 million year ago) to the Quaternary Age (1.75 million years ago). It is also noteworthy to mention a geological characteristic – the system of underground rivers and grottos in limestone mountains.

In the non-karst geomorphologic area, there are many low mountains covered by a floristic carpet. The erosion has created a number of abrasion-accumulation terraces along the valleys of the Son and Chay rivers and at the margins of the central limestone massifs. The transition terrain consists of a diversity of rock intercalated by limestone mountains.

Besides the historical value of geology, topography, geomorphology, Phong Nha - Ke Bang is also favoured with the mysterious and majestic landscapes by nature. The Phong Nha–Ke Bang Natural Park still hides various myths of nature. It also has spectacular karst caves formed for hundreds of millions of years.

Locating in the area with a high average rainfall, however, few rivers and streams can be seen because water is absorbed to run inside limestone mountains. Therefore over tens of million years, water has eroded rocks, creating numerous caves in the area. Phong Nha-Ke Bang area is noted for its cave and grotto systems as it is composed of 300 caves and grottos, divided into three main systems: Phong Nha Grottos, Vom Caves, and Ruc Mon Caves.

The Phong Nha grotto system is over 57km long in total, rising from south of Ke Bang Limestone Mountain. The main entrances are Khe Ry and En Grottoes situated at a height of 300m above sea level. The grottoes of this tree-branch system run in the direction of northeast-southwest.

The system of Vom caves is over 35km long, rising from Ruc Ca Roong Cave located at a height of 360m above sea level and ending with Vom Cave. The system runs south and north. Ruc Ca Roong River sometimes hides in mountains, sometimes appears in narrow and deep valleys, and flows into the Chay River at the entrance of Vom Cave.

The system of Ruc Mon caves that lies in the district of Minh Hoa is also a large cave. However, the information about this system is not abundant because few surveys have been conducted in this area so far.

Some typical caves and grottoes in Phong Nha - Ke Bang are Phong Nha, Tien Son and Thien Duong grottoes, Toi, En and Khe Ry caves. Especially, Son Doong Cave is considered as the largest cave in the world with 200m in height, 200m in width, at least 8.5km in length.

With its characteristics of topography, climate, soil and hydrography, Phong Nha - Ke Bang boasts a rich, diversified and unique flora. Investigations show that Phong Nha - Ke Bang has a large tropical forest floor. It covers 96.2 percent of the natural area, of which nearly 90 percent is covered by primeval forests. The diversity of rare and precious species of animals and plants in Phong Nha - Ke Bang is corollary of its natural conditions, and is a feature of the forest ecosystem.

Statistics show that the flora of Phong Nha - Ke Bang belongs to 152 families, 511 branches, and 876 species, including 38 listed in Vietnam’s Red Book, 25 in IUCN’s Red Book (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) and 13 endemic species.

A very important discovery in this national park is three rare and precious species – Sao la, Mang lon and Mang Truong Son - were founded in this area. Especially, Sao la and Mang lon are new species discovered in the world. Of the 81 recorded reptile and amphibian species, 18 are listed in Vietnam’s Red Book and 6 in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. In addition, there are 259 butterfly species, 162 fish species including 4 endemic ones in Quang Binh only and one first found in Vietnam; 302 bird species including 15 species listed in Vietnam’s Red Book and 19 in IUCN Red Book. Particularly, black-comb blue pheasants (ga loi lam mau den), white-tail blue pheasants (ga loi lam duoi trang) and peacocks are the global-level endangered species. Phong Nha - Ke Bang is considered a huge biological museum in Vietnam.

With its vivid evidences of geological and geomorphologic values, Phong Nha – Ke Bang has been declared a world natural heritage by UNESCO at the 27^th meeting in Paris in July 2003.

ATTRACTIONS (Some typical caves):

- Phong Nha Grotto - Toi (Dark) Cave
- Tien Son Grotto - En (Swallow) Cave
- Son Doong Cave - Thien Duong (Paradise) Grotto

USEFUL INFORMATION:

Opening time: from 07:00 to 17:00 on weekdays.

Ticket price:

+ Tour of Phong Nha - Tien Son grottos

-  Sightseeing tickets:          Phong Nha Grotto:
              - Adults: VND80,000
              - Children (from 7 to 15 years old): VND40,000
          Tien Son Grotto:
              - Adults: VND40,000
              - Children (from 7 to 15 years old): VND20,000

- Boat renting price: Visiting Phong Nha, Tien Son grottos (each boat carrying 01 to 14 people, including children):
- Visiting 01 grotto: VND 320,000/boat; duration: 3.5 hours
- Visiting 02 grottos: VND 350,000/boat; duration: 05 hours

+ Nuoc Mooc Spring Eco Trail

-  Sightseeing ticket:
        - Adults: VND50,000
        - Children (from 7 to 15 years old): VND30,000

+ Tour of Chay River – Toi (Dark) Cave

-  Sightseeing ticket:
        - Adults: VND80,000
        - Children (from 7 to 15 years old): VND40,000

- Boat renting price: VND 500,000/boat; duration: 05 hours
Each boat carries 01 to 14 people, including children.

+ Tour of history - spirituality: Free of charge

+ Explore the mysterious depths of Phong Nha Grotto and Explore the nature of Rao Thuong– En Cave: please contact Phong Nha - Ke Bang Tourism Center for more information.

Phong Nha - Ke Bang Tourism Center - Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park
Add: Son Trach Commune, Bo Trach District, Quang Binh Province
Tel / Fax: (84-52) 3677 323 (ext. 101)
Email: phongnhakebangdl@gmail.com
Website: www.phongnhakebangdl.com
www.phongnhatourism.com.vn